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The bifoliate is the quartic curve given by the Cartesian equation
(1)
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and the polar equation
(2)
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for .
It has a cusp at the origin .
The area of the bifoliate is given by
(3)
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(4)
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(5)
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(6)
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(Sloane's A093954).
Its perimeter is
(7)
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(Sloane's A118289). Taking as the parameter, the bifoliate has curvature and tangential angle given by
(8)
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(9)
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SEE ALSO:Bifolium, Folium, Quadrifolium, Rose, Trifolium
REFERENCES:
Cundy, H. and Rollett, A. Mathematical Models, 3rd ed. Stradbroke, England: Tarquin Pub., p. 72, 1989.
Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A093954 and A118289 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."